Last Updated:
May 16th, 2025
PCP Addiction | Symptoms, Effects and Causes
What Is PCP?
Phencyclidine, more commonly known as PCP, is a powerful dissociative drug originally developed as an anaesthetic. While it was discontinued for medical use due to its severe side effects, it found its way into recreational drug use. PCP can be found in various forms, including powder, tablet, liquid and crystals. These forms may be ingested, smoked, snorted or injected, depending on the user’s preference.
The appeal of PCP largely stems from its effects, with users often reporting feelings of detachment from reality, euphoria and hallucinations. It can also induce a sense of invulnerability or increased strength, which may be appealing to some individuals.
In the UK, PCP is classified as a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act, meaning it is illegal to produce, supply or possess. Its legal status reflects the dangers associated with its use.
Is PCP dangerous?
PCP can be very dangerous. Its effects on the brain can lead to hallucinations, which are not only vivid but often terrifying. These hallucinations can impair judgement and perception, increasing the risk of self-harm or accidents. Additionally, the drug can cause paranoia and aggression, making users more prone to violent behaviour. In extreme cases, this combination of symptoms can lead to harm to others as well as to the user themselves.
The unpredictability of PCP’s effects makes it particularly hazardous. A small increase in dosage can significantly intensify its impact, leading to a loss of control. Moreover, the psychological distress caused by PCP, such as severe anxiety or delusional thinking, can persist even after the drug has left the system, leaving lasting emotional scars.
Is PCP addictive?
PCP has a high potential for psychological dependence. Users often develop tolerance, meaning they require larger doses to achieve the same effects. This escalation in usage not only increases the likelihood of addiction but also amplifies the risk of dangerous side effects, such as severe mental and physical health issues.
Withdrawal symptoms further highlight PCP’s addictive potential. Users coming off the drug may experience depression, anxiety, cravings and a profound sense of discomfort. One study found that withdrawal from PCP could cause a prolonged depression of brain reward function, lasting for an entire month. This suggests that dependence on PCP can lead to symptoms resembling those seen in depression and other severe mental health conditions, making recovery a challenging process.
What are the signs of a PCP addiction?
Recognising the signs of PCP addiction is crucial to seeking help early. Awareness can make all the difference if you are observing these signs in yourself or someone you care about.
- Rapid eye movements or blank stares: PCP can cause noticeable changes in eye movements and focus.
- Poor coordination or unsteady movements: The drug’s dissociative effects can lead to motor impairment.
- Sweating or chills: These symptoms may occur even in the absence of physical exertion.
- Intense cravings: A persistent desire to use PCP, even when aware of the risks.
- Paranoia or delusions: Users may feel irrationally suspicious or experience distorted thinking.
- Mood swings: Sudden changes in mood, from euphoria to irritability or sadness.
- Neglecting responsibilities: Skipping work, school or family commitments to use PCP.
- Risk-taking behaviour: Engaging in unsafe actions while under the influence.
- Isolation: Withdrawing from loved ones to hide or prioritise drug use.
Being aware of these symptoms is the first step towards addressing the issue and seeking support.
Do I have a PCP addiction?
If you’re using PCP, it’s important to monitor your relationship with the drug. Addiction often develops subtly, creeping in without the user realising until significant damage has been done. Self-assessment can help you take stock of your PCP usage and identify potential issues before they spiral out of control.
Answer the following questions honestly. If you answer ‘yes’ to any of them, it may indicate a need for professional support:
- Do you find yourself using PCP more frequently or in larger amounts than you intended?
- Have you experienced cravings or an inability to stop using PCP, even when you’ve tried to cut back?
- Have you neglected personal, work or family responsibilities because of PCP use?
- Do you feel like you need more PCP to achieve the same effects as before?
- Have you experienced withdrawal symptoms, such as anxiety or depression, when not using PCP?
- Have you continued using PCP despite knowing it’s causing problems in your life, such as relationship issues or legal trouble?
Answering these questions can provide clarity on your relationship with PCP and help you determine the next steps.
How Is PCP addiction treated?
Treating PCP addiction requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both the physical and psychological aspects of dependency. Professional treatment programmes are designed to provide the support and structure needed to overcome the challenges of withdrawal and recovery.
Treatment often begins with a supervised detox to manage withdrawal symptoms safely. This stage is critical as PCP withdrawal can be both physically and emotionally taxing. Medical professionals may provide medications to alleviate discomfort and monitor your progress, ensuring a safe and stable detox process.
Therapy plays a central role in recovery, helping individuals understand the root causes of their addiction and develop healthier coping mechanisms. Common therapeutic approaches include:
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT): Focused on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviours.
- Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT): Designed to improve emotional regulation and interpersonal skills.
- Group therapy: Provides a sense of community and shared experience, reducing feelings of isolation.
- One-to-one counselling: Offers personalised support to work through individual challenges.
After the PCP addiction recovery programme has concluded, aftercare begins. Aftercare can include regular check-ins, access to support groups and continued therapy to prevent relapse and maintain progress.
Take the first step toward recovery
If you or someone you love is struggling with PCP addiction, it’s important to know that help is available. Addiction can feel overwhelming, but recovery is possible with the right support. Reaching out to a professional rehab centre can be the first step toward a healthier, happier future. Don’t wait any longer, and take action today.
Our compassionate team are ready and available to take your call, and guide you towards lasting the lasting addiction recovery you deserve.
Frequently Asked Questions
(Click here to see works cited)
- PCP Fast Facts, www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs4/4440/index.htm. Accessed 17 Dec. 2024.
- Spielewoy C, Markou A. Withdrawal from chronic phencyclidine treatment induces long-lasting depression in brain reward function. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Jun;28(6):1106-16. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300124. Epub 2003 Mar 26. PMID: 12700700.